Learning About Eosinophilic Esophagitis

What is eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)?

EoE is a health condition where a type of white blood cell, called an eosinophil, builds up in your esophagus (the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach). This happens because your immune system reacts to certain foods or allergens, causing inflammation and swelling. This can make it hard to swallow and food may get stuck in your esophagus. 

Who gets EoE?

EoE can affect anyone but is more common in males. People with allergies, asthma, eczema, or hay fever are at a higher risk. 

What are the signs of EoE?

People with EoE might have:

  • Trouble swallowing

  • Food getting stuck

  • Chest pain

  • Heartburn

  • Vomiting

In children, EoE can also cause poor growth or feeding problems. 

How is EoE diagnosed?

To find out if you have EoE, your provider looks at your symptoms and does a test called an endoscopy. They use a camera to look inside the esophagus and take a small piece of tissue (a biopsy) to check for eosinophils. 

How is EoE treated?

EoE is a chronic (long-term) condition, but it can be managed with treatment. 

Medicine

  • Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can lessen swelling.

  • Steroids (like fluticasone or budesonide) taken by mouth can also lessen swelling in the esophagus. 

  • A newer medicine called dupilumab (Dupixent) may be used if others do not work. 

Diet changes

  • Some people get better by staying away from foods that trigger EoE. These foods include wheat, milk, eggs, soy, nuts, or seafood. 

  • Talk with your provider about the best diet plan for your needs.

Esophageal dilation

  • If the esophagus becomes too narrow, your provider may do a procedure to gently stretch it. This helps with swallowing.

Clinical trials

  • Some people join research studies to try new treatments when others do not help.

Why is long-term care important?

You often need ongoing treatment to keep EoE symptoms under control and stop the esophagus from scarring or narrowing. Even if your symptoms get better, keep seeing your provider. You might have inflammation without obvious symptoms. 

Can I live a normal life with EoE?

With the right care, most people with EoE can manage their symptoms and live a healthy, active life. It's important to follow your treatment plan and tell your care team if you have any changes in symptoms.