Learning About Tests When You Have Diabetes
Why do you need regular tests?
Diabetes can lead to other health problems if it's not well managed. You'll need tests to monitor how well
your diabetes is managed and to check for other things like high cholesterol or kidney problems. Having tests
on a regular schedule can help your doctor find problems early, when it's best to start treating them.
What tests do you need?
These are the tests you may need and how often you should have them. The tests may vary depending on whether
you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
- A1c blood test.
- This test shows the average level of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months. It helps your doctor see
whether blood sugar levels have been staying within your target range.
- Blood pressure test.
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This test measures the pressure of blood flow in the arteries. Controlling blood pressure can help
prevent damage to nerves and blood vessels.
- Cholesterol test.
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This test measures the amount of a type of fat in the blood. It is common for people with diabetes to
also have high cholesterol. Too much cholesterol in the blood can build up inside the blood vessels and
raise the risk for heart attack and stroke.
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How often: At the time of your diabetes diagnosis, and as often as your doctor recommends
after that
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Goal: A cholesterol level in your target range
- Albumin-creatinine ratio test.
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This test checks for kidney damage by looking for the protein albumin (say "al-BYOO-mun") in the urine.
Albumin is normally found in the blood. Kidney damage can let small amounts of it (microalbumin) leak into
the urine.
- Blood creatinine test/estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR).
-
The blood creatinine (say "kree-AT-uh-neen") level shows how well your kidneys are working. Creatinine is
a waste product that muscles release into the blood. Blood creatinine is used to estimate the glomerular
filtration rate. A high level of creatinine and/or a low eGFR may mean your kidneys are not working as
well as they should.
- Complete foot exam.
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The doctor checks for foot sores and whether any sensation has been lost.
- Dental exam and cleaning.
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The dentist checks for gum disease and tooth decay. People with high blood sugar are more likely to have
these problems.
- Complete eye exam.
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High blood sugar levels can damage the eyes. This exam is done by an ophthalmologist or optometrist. It
includes a dilated eye exam. The exam shows whether there's damage to the back of the eye (diabetic
retinopathy).
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How often: Once a year. If you don't have any signs of diabetic retinopathy, your doctor may
recommend an exam every 2 years.
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Goal: No damage to the back of the eye
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) blood test.
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This test checks for thyroid disease, which is especially common for people with type 1 diabetes. Having
too little or too much thyroid hormone can make it hard to manage your blood sugar.
-
How often: As part of your diabetes diagnosis, and as often as your doctor recommends after
that
-
Goal: Normal level of TSH in the blood
Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all
appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It's also a good idea to know your test results
and keep a list of the medicines you take.
Current as of: October 2, 2023
Content Version: 14.0
Care instructions adapted under license by your
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